Aperture
determines how much light enters the camera. The aperture also affects depth of field, which is the range of objects that are in focus – from those that are closest to you, to those farthest away.
Shutter Speed
The shutter speed determines the amount of time that light is allowed to enter the camera. It also determines how movement is recorded in an image. A faster shutter speed will freeze motion, while a slower one will blur motion.
ISO
ISO determines how sensitive it is to light. Lower numbers, such as ISO 100 or 200, mean your camera is less sensitive, and are used in bright situations, such as outdoors on a sunny day. Higher numbers, such as ISO 800 or 1600, make your camera more sensitive to light.
Auto Mode
Sony uses a green camera icon, Canon uses a green box, and Nikon uses a camera with the word Auto above it. The camera will set an appropriate aperture, ISO, and shutter speed to allow you to hold the camera and get a good exposure.
Portrait Mode
Portrait Mode is usually indicated by a head icon of some kind. When this mode is selected, the camera optimizes your settings for taking pictures of people. It will select color settings, choose a fairly shallow depth of field, and a fairly fast shutter speed
Landscape Mode
Landscape Mode, you are telling the camera you’re shooting scenery. vivid colors, and set a small aperture for maximum depth of field.
Sports Mode
This setting is best for capturing subjects that are moving, such as children playing, or a sporting event. use a wider aperture for shallower depth of field. The ISO.
Night Portrait Mode
person with a star or moon behind them. This mode is used to capture pictures of people at night, usually firing the camera’s flash to illuminate them